雙語丨《中國的生物多樣性保護》白皮書（一）

中國的生物多樣性保護

Biodiversity Conservation in China

一、秉持人與自然和諧共生理念

I. Harmony Between Humanity and Nature

二、提高生物多樣性保護成效

II. Increasing the Efficiency of Biodiversity Conservation

三、提升生物多樣性治理能力

III. Improving Biodiversity Governance

四、深化全球生物多樣性保護合作IV. Further Global Cooperation on Biodiversity Conservation
前言

Preface

“生物多樣性”是生物（動物、植物、微生物）與環境形成的生態復合體以及與此相關的各種生態過程的總和，包括生態系統、物種和基因三個層次。生物多樣性關系人類福祉，是人類賴以生存和發展的重要基礎。人類必須尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然，加大生物多樣性保護力度，促進人與自然和諧共生。

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species (plants, animals and microorganisms) in their natural environments and the aggregate of the related ecological processes. It is measured on three levels: genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the basis for human survival and development and has a direct bearing on our wellbeing. Humans must respect nature and follow its ways. We must conserve biodiversity to protect nature and live in harmony with it.

1972年，聯合國召開人類環境會議，與會各國共同簽署了《人類環境宣言》，生物資源保護被列入二十六項原則之中。1993年，《生物多樣性公約》正式生效，公約確立了保護生物多樣性、可持續利用其組成部分以及公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產生的惠益三大目標，全球生物多樣性保護開啟了新紀元。

In 1972, at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the attending nations signed the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which included the conservation of bio-resources in its 26 principles. In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity came into effect, which set three objectives – the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, ushering in a new era for the protection of global biodiversity.

中國幅員遼闊，陸海兼備，地貌和氣候復雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨特的生態系統、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一。中國的傳統文化積淀了豐富的生物多樣性智慧，“天人合一”“道法自然”“萬物平等”等思想和理念體現了樸素的生物多樣性保護意識。作為最早簽署和批準《生物多樣性公約》的締約方之一，中國一貫高度重視生物多樣性保護，不斷推進生物多樣性保護與時俱進、創新發展，取得顯著成效，走出了一條中國特色生物多樣性保護之路。

China’s land and sea territories are both vast; its complex terrain and diverse climate gave birth to unique ecosystems, abundant species, and rich genetic variety. As one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, China has a profound understanding of biodiversity, as manifest in traditional Chinese culture and these aphorisms: “Man is an integral part of nature”; “Dao follows the laws of nature”; and “All beings are equal”. China, as one of the first countries to sign and approve the Convention on Biological Diversity, has always attached great importance to biodiversity conservation and preserves biodiversity with creative and up-to-date measures, achieving substantial progress on a distinctively Chinese path of conservation.

中共十八大以來，在習近平生態文明思想引領下，中國堅持生態優先、綠色發展，生態環境保護法律體系日臻完善、監管機制不斷加強、基礎能力大幅提升，生物多樣性治理新格局基本形成，生物多樣性保護進入新的歷史時期。當前，全球物種滅絕速度不斷加快，生物多樣性喪失和生態系統退化對人類生存和發展構成重大風險。2020年9月30日，習近平主席在聯合國生物多樣性峰會上指出，要站在對人類文明負責的高度，探索人與自然和諧共生之路，凝聚全球治理合力，提升全球環境治理水平。中國將秉持人類命運共同體理念，繼續為全球環境治理貢獻力量。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, China has been prioritizing eco-environmental progress and pursuing green development under the guidance of Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization. A new pattern of biodiversity conservation has largely taken shape, with improvements to the legal system, supervision mechanisms and governing capacity for eco-conservation, marking the beginning of a new era for biodiversity conservation in China. Currently, as species worldwide are becoming extinct at an alarming rate, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation pose a major risk to human survival and development. On September 30, 2020, at the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that the whole of humanity needs to take on its pressing responsibilities, find a way for human and nature to coexist in harmony, and build synergy for and enhance global governance on the environment. Guided by the vision of building a global community of shared future, China will continue to contribute its part to global environmental governance.

為介紹中國生物多樣性保護理念和實踐，增進國際社會對中國生物多樣性保護的了解，特發布本白皮書。

The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present China’s ideas, plans and actions on biodiversity conservation, and share its progress with the international community.

（一）秉持人與自然和諧共生理念

I. Harmony Between Humanity and Nature

中國生物多樣性保護以建設美麗中國為目標，積極適應新形勢新要求，不斷加強和創新生物多樣性保護舉措，持續完善生物多樣性保護體制，努力促進人與自然、人與人、人與社會和諧共生、良性循環、全面發展、持續繁榮。

To realize the Beautiful China initiative under a new situation, China is improving the measures for biodiversity conservation and creating new frameworks for this purpose. In its pursuit of harmony between humanity and nature, between individuals, and between the individual and society, China endeavors to create a virtuous circle for all-round development and prolonged prosperity for all.

面對全球生物多樣性喪失和生態系統退化，中國秉持人與自然和諧共生理念，堅持保護優先、綠色發展，形成了政府主導、全民參與，多邊治理、合作共贏的機制，推動中國生物多樣性保護不斷取得新成效，為應對全球生物多樣性挑戰作出新貢獻。

In addressing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, China upholds the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, prioritizing biodiversity conservation and seeking green development. It has established conservation mechanisms led by the government and featuring multilateral governance and win-win cooperation, in which all citizens participate. This way, China keeps making progress and contributing to efforts in global biodiversity conservation.

——堅持尊重自然、保護優先。牢固樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的理念，在社會發展中優先考慮生物多樣性保護，以生態本底和自然稟賦為基礎，科學配置自然和人工保護修復措施，對重要生態系統、生物物種及遺傳資源實施有效保護，保障生態安全和生物安全。

– Respecting nature and prioritizing biodiversity conservation. China follows the principles of respecting and protecting nature and obeying nature’s laws, and prioritizes biodiversity conservation in social development. Given its eco-environment and natural resources, China has balanced its natural and artificial measures for the conservation and restoration of important ecosystems, species and genetic resources, to ensure ecological security and biological security.

——堅持綠色發展、持續利用。踐行“綠水青山就是金山銀山”理念，將生物多樣性作為可持續發展的基礎、目標和手段，科學、合理和可持續利用生物資源，給自然生態留下休養生息的時間和空間，推動生產和生活方式的綠色轉型和升級，從保護自然中尋找發展機遇，實現生物多樣性保護和經濟高質量發展雙贏。

– Seeking green development and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. China cherishes the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and sees biodiversity as the foundation, objective and means of sustainable development. It has endeavored to promote the efficient and sustainable utilization of bio-resources, to allow nature to restore itself. It promotes green ways of life and work, and seeks development opportunities while preserving nature, to achieve win-win results in both biodiversity conservation and high-quality development.

——堅持制度先行、統籌推進。不斷強化生物多樣性保護國家戰略地位，長遠謀劃頂層設計，分級落實主體責任，建立健全政府主導、企業行動和公眾參與的生物多樣性保護長效機制。強化中國生物多樣性保護國家委員會統籌協調作用，持續完善生物多樣性保護、可持續利用和惠益分享相關法律法規和政策制度，構建生物多樣性保護和治理新格局。

– Enhancing institutional guarantee and coordinating actions for biodiversity conservation. China has strengthened biodiversity conservation as a national strategy through long-range planning and top-level design, specifying the primary responsibilities at all levels, and improving long-term conservation mechanisms led by the government and facilitated by enterprises with public participation. The China National Committee for Biodiversity Conservation (CNCBC) has taken on a stronger coordinating role. Constant efforts have been made to improve laws, regulations and policies concerning biodiversity conservation, sustainable utilization of bio-resources, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits. All the above efforts are aimed at building a new model for biodiversity conservation and governance.

——堅持多邊主義、合作共贏。加強生物多樣性保護，促進人與自然和諧共生，已成為國際交流對話的重要內容。中國堅定支持生物多樣性多邊治理體系，切實履行《生物多樣性公約》及其他相關環境條約義務，積極承擔與發展水平相稱的國際責任，向其他發展中國家提供力所能及的援助，不斷深化生物多樣性領域交流合作，攜手應對全球生物多樣性挑戰，為實現人與自然和諧共生美好愿景發揮更大作用。

– Upholding multilateralism and win-win cooperation. Living in harmony with nature through greater efforts on biodiversity conservation becomes an important topic for international exchanges and dialogue. China firmly supports a multilateral biodiversity governance system, fulfills its obligations prescribed in the Convention on Biological Diversity and other environmental treaties, and takes on international responsibilities commensurate to its development stage. China has been providing assistance within its ability to other developing countries, and strengthening exchanges and cooperation on biodiversity to jointly meet global challenges. It endeavors to play a greater role in realizing the vision of harmony between humanity and nature.